Objective

Assessment of the relation among resilience and other human resources profile variables and their influence on the perceptions of the risk of losing job during covid-19. The packages used were R’s Lavaan Package, for SEM, and the lavaanPlot Package, for visualization.

The method applied in the original publication is multivariate regression.

Model inspired using data in: Leask, C., & Ruggunan, S. (2021). A temperature reading of covid-19 pandemic employee agility and resilience in south africa. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 47(July). https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v47i0.1853

Data acquisition

data<-read.csv2('Leask2021.csv',sep=';')
vardef<-read.csv2('Leask2021_vars.csv',sep=';')

vardef$levels=sapply(data,function(x){
  paste0(x%>%unique(),collapse='; ')
  },simplify=TRUE,USE.NAMES = TRUE)

model definition

vars=sapply(c("Agility" ,"Resilience" ,"Collaboration" ,"CreatePosRel",
              "SocialSupport","IndivRenewal" ,"OpennessExp"  ),function(x){
                vardef[vardef$Construct==x,'VarCode']
              },USE.NAMES = TRUE,simplify=FALSE)

CFA

Confirmatory factor analysis must be done for each measurement model. But here, we detail just one.

Agility

construct='Agility'
Model=paste0(construct,"=~",paste0(vars[[construct]],collapse = '+'))
fit<-cfa(Model,data)
summary(fit, fit.measures=TRUE)
## lavaan 0.6-11 ended normally after 24 iterations
## 
##   Estimator                                         ML
##   Optimization method                           NLMINB
##   Number of model parameters                        10
##                                                       
##   Number of observations                           171
##                                                       
## Model Test User Model:
##                                                       
##   Test statistic                                37.781
##   Degrees of freedom                                 5
##   P-value (Chi-square)                           0.000
## 
## Model Test Baseline Model:
## 
##   Test statistic                               259.967
##   Degrees of freedom                                10
##   P-value                                        0.000
## 
## User Model versus Baseline Model:
## 
##   Comparative Fit Index (CFI)                    0.869
##   Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)                       0.738
## 
## Loglikelihood and Information Criteria:
## 
##   Loglikelihood user model (H0)               -896.724
##   Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1)       -877.834
##                                                       
##   Akaike (AIC)                                1813.449
##   Bayesian (BIC)                              1844.866
##   Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (BIC)         1813.201
## 
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
## 
##   RMSEA                                          0.196
##   90 Percent confidence interval - lower         0.140
##   90 Percent confidence interval - upper         0.256
##   P-value RMSEA <= 0.05                          0.000
## 
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
## 
##   SRMR                                           0.071
## 
## Parameter Estimates:
## 
##   Standard errors                             Standard
##   Information                                 Expected
##   Information saturated (h1) model          Structured
## 
## Latent Variables:
##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|)
##   Agility =~                                          
##     ThinkDiffrntly    1.000                           
##     ThnkUpcmngChng    0.923    0.140    6.588    0.000
##     PshOthrsThnkCh    1.447    0.202    7.152    0.000
##     ProposeChange     1.415    0.228    6.218    0.000
##     WrkUndrstndOth    1.127    0.169    6.663    0.000
## 
## Variances:
##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|)
##    .ThinkDiffrntly    0.298    0.039    7.679    0.000
##    .ThnkUpcmngChng    0.228    0.030    7.493    0.000
##    .PshOthrsThnkCh    0.325    0.052    6.222    0.000
##    .ProposeChange     0.695    0.088    7.908    0.000
##    .WrkUndrstndOth    0.320    0.043    7.386    0.000
##     Agility           0.198    0.048    4.123    0.000
MOD<-modificationindices(fit)%>%arrange(-mi)
MOD
##                      lhs op                   rhs     mi    epc sepc.lv
## 1  PushOthersThinkChange ~~         ProposeChange 30.060  0.302   0.302
## 2       ThinkDifferently ~~   ThinkUpcomingChange 20.969  0.121   0.121
## 3    ThinkUpcomingChange ~~ PushOthersThinkChange 10.260 -0.110  -0.110
## 4       ThinkDifferently ~~         ProposeChange  8.286 -0.127  -0.127
## 5       ThinkDifferently ~~ PushOthersThinkChange  6.665 -0.097  -0.097
## 6          ProposeChange ~~  WorkUnderstandOthers  3.671 -0.090  -0.090
## 7    ThinkUpcomingChange ~~         ProposeChange  1.938 -0.055  -0.055
## 8       ThinkDifferently ~~  WorkUnderstandOthers  0.833  0.029   0.029
## 9  PushOthersThinkChange ~~  WorkUnderstandOthers  0.272  0.022   0.022
## 10   ThinkUpcomingChange ~~  WorkUnderstandOthers  0.108  0.009   0.009
##    sepc.all sepc.nox
## 1     0.635    0.635
## 2     0.466    0.466
## 3    -0.403   -0.403
## 4    -0.278   -0.278
## 5    -0.313   -0.313
## 6    -0.192   -0.192
## 7    -0.137   -0.137
## 8     0.094    0.094
## 9     0.067    0.067
## 10    0.035    0.035

The variable ‘PushOthersThinkChange’ show some redundancy with other variables and will be removed from the model.

covs=list()
vars[[construct]]=vars[[construct]][!vars[[construct]]%in%c('PushOthersThinkChange')]
Model=paste0(paste0(construct,"=~",paste0(vars[[construct]],collapse = '+')))
fit<-cfa(Model,data)
summary(fit, fit.measures=TRUE)
## lavaan 0.6-11 ended normally after 23 iterations
## 
##   Estimator                                         ML
##   Optimization method                           NLMINB
##   Number of model parameters                         8
##                                                       
##   Number of observations                           171
##                                                       
## Model Test User Model:
##                                                       
##   Test statistic                                 2.964
##   Degrees of freedom                                 2
##   P-value (Chi-square)                           0.227
## 
## Model Test Baseline Model:
## 
##   Test statistic                               146.152
##   Degrees of freedom                                 6
##   P-value                                        0.000
## 
## User Model versus Baseline Model:
## 
##   Comparative Fit Index (CFI)                    0.993
##   Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)                       0.979
## 
## Loglikelihood and Information Criteria:
## 
##   Loglikelihood user model (H0)               -719.410
##   Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1)       -717.928
##                                                       
##   Akaike (AIC)                                1454.821
##   Bayesian (BIC)                              1479.954
##   Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (BIC)         1454.623
## 
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
## 
##   RMSEA                                          0.053
##   90 Percent confidence interval - lower         0.000
##   90 Percent confidence interval - upper         0.170
##   P-value RMSEA <= 0.05                          0.363
## 
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
## 
##   SRMR                                           0.027
## 
## Parameter Estimates:
## 
##   Standard errors                             Standard
##   Information                                 Expected
##   Information saturated (h1) model          Structured
## 
## Latent Variables:
##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|)
##   Agility =~                                          
##     ThinkDiffrntly    1.000                           
##     ThnkUpcmngChng    0.937    0.135    6.961    0.000
##     ProposeChange     0.900    0.185    4.867    0.000
##     WrkUndrstndOth    0.901    0.140    6.447    0.000
## 
## Variances:
##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|)
##    .ThinkDiffrntly    0.233    0.041    5.725    0.000
##    .ThnkUpcmngChng    0.166    0.033    5.013    0.000
##    .ProposeChange     0.879    0.103    8.565    0.000
##    .WrkUndrstndOth    0.358    0.048    7.500    0.000
##     Agility           0.262    0.057    4.594    0.000

other mmodels

Their adjustments are not detailed here. Just the resultant measurement models:

vars[['CreatePosRel']]=vars[['CreatePosRel']][!vars[['CreatePosRel']]%in%c('GetAlongWithOthers')]
vars[['Collaboration']]=vars[['Collaboration']][!vars[['Collaboration']]%in%c('GoodWholeCompany')]
covs[['SocialSupport']]='	HaveConf	~~	PeersToTrust
PersonalInterest	~~	StrongSocialConnection'

CFA with all construts

The CFA is also performed with all measurement models to verify fit before proceeding to Structural Equation Modelling.

Model<-paste0(
  paste0(
    sapply(names(vars),function(x){
    paste0(x,"=~",paste0(vars[[x]],collapse = '+'))
  }),collapse='\n'
  ),'\n',
  paste0(
    covs,collapse='\n'
  )
)

fit<-cfa(Model,data)
summary(fit, fit.measures=TRUE)
## lavaan 0.6-11 ended normally after 84 iterations
## 
##   Estimator                                         ML
##   Optimization method                           NLMINB
##   Number of model parameters                        83
##                                                       
##                                                   Used       Total
##   Number of observations                           169         171
##                                                                   
## Model Test User Model:
##                                                       
##   Test statistic                               494.474
##   Degrees of freedom                               382
##   P-value (Chi-square)                           0.000
## 
## Model Test Baseline Model:
## 
##   Test statistic                              2198.761
##   Degrees of freedom                               435
##   P-value                                        0.000
## 
## User Model versus Baseline Model:
## 
##   Comparative Fit Index (CFI)                    0.936
##   Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)                       0.927
## 
## Loglikelihood and Information Criteria:
## 
##   Loglikelihood user model (H0)              -5031.723
##   Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1)      -4784.487
##                                                       
##   Akaike (AIC)                               10229.447
##   Bayesian (BIC)                             10489.228
##   Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (BIC)        10226.426
## 
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
## 
##   RMSEA                                          0.042
##   90 Percent confidence interval - lower         0.030
##   90 Percent confidence interval - upper         0.052
##   P-value RMSEA <= 0.05                          0.907
## 
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
## 
##   SRMR                                           0.060
## 
## Parameter Estimates:
## 
##   Standard errors                             Standard
##   Information                                 Expected
##   Information saturated (h1) model          Structured
## 
## Latent Variables:
##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|)
##   Agility =~                                          
##     ThinkDiffrntly    1.000                           
##     ThnkUpcmngChng    0.997    0.134    7.421    0.000
##     ProposeChange     1.052    0.200    5.254    0.000
##     WrkUndrstndOth    1.009    0.152    6.657    0.000
##   Resilience =~                                       
##     QuickAdapt        1.000                           
##     EasilyChangCrs    0.970    0.119    8.138    0.000
##     EasyToAdapt       1.372    0.158    8.681    0.000
##     ShiftFocus        1.204    0.143    8.421    0.000
##     EnjoyExperimnt    1.119    0.147    7.595    0.000
##     BounceBack        1.072    0.144    7.427    0.000
##   Collaboration =~                                    
##     SeekColaboratn    1.000                           
##     ReadlyProvdHlp    1.040    0.154    6.733    0.000
##     CarOthrArsDcsn    0.775    0.122    6.346    0.000
##     AcknwldgTEnsns    0.788    0.149    5.306    0.000
##   CreatePosRel =~                                     
##     SupportCollegs    1.000                           
##     MakeAvailable     0.879    0.098    9.011    0.000
##     DirectCourteos    0.792    0.105    7.510    0.000
##     RespectSupport    0.935    0.113    8.266    0.000
##     WorkInGroup       1.128    0.116    9.716    0.000
##   SocialSupport =~                                    
##     HaveConf          1.000                           
##     PeersToTrust      0.904    0.114    7.908    0.000
##     PersonalIntrst    0.768    0.146    5.260    0.000
##     StrngSclCnnctn    1.024    0.169    6.062    0.000
##     PartOfTeam        0.970    0.154    6.290    0.000
##   IndivRenewal =~                                     
##     RegularBreaks     1.000                           
##     BreakOverwhlmd    1.037    0.127    8.165    0.000
##     TakeCarefMYslf    0.535    0.088    6.081    0.000
##   OpennessExp =~                                      
##     DifferentOpnns    1.000                           
##     ConsiderOpinns    1.172    0.185    6.326    0.000
##     ChangeNatural     1.013    0.163    6.222    0.000
## 
## Covariances:
##                       Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|)
##  .HaveConf ~~                                            
##    .PeersToTrust         0.330    0.068    4.863    0.000
##  .PersonalInterest ~~                                    
##    .StrngSclCnnctn       0.174    0.047    3.678    0.000
##   Agility ~~                                             
##     Resilience           0.123    0.026    4.702    0.000
##     Collaboration        0.144    0.034    4.240    0.000
##     CreatePosRel         0.107    0.027    3.979    0.000
##     SocialSupport        0.086    0.032    2.648    0.008
##     IndivRenewal         0.028    0.044    0.643    0.520
##     OpennessExp          0.083    0.023    3.550    0.000
##   Resilience ~~                                          
##     Collaboration        0.151    0.031    4.814    0.000
##     CreatePosRel         0.117    0.024    4.780    0.000
##     SocialSupport        0.095    0.030    3.210    0.001
##     IndivRenewal         0.071    0.040    1.789    0.074
##     OpennessExp          0.094    0.022    4.332    0.000
##   Collaboration ~~                                       
##     CreatePosRel         0.168    0.035    4.825    0.000
##     SocialSupport        0.169    0.044    3.847    0.000
##     IndivRenewal         0.136    0.053    2.571    0.010
##     OpennessExp          0.118    0.029    4.102    0.000
##   CreatePosRel ~~                                        
##     SocialSupport        0.189    0.041    4.576    0.000
##     IndivRenewal         0.070    0.044    1.574    0.115
##     OpennessExp          0.108    0.025    4.428    0.000
##   SocialSupport ~~                                       
##     IndivRenewal         0.201    0.064    3.130    0.002
##     OpennessExp          0.078    0.028    2.755    0.006
##   IndivRenewal ~~                                        
##     OpennessExp          0.082    0.039    2.077    0.038
## 
## Variances:
##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|)
##    .ThinkDiffrntly    0.265    0.038    7.009    0.000
##    .ThnkUpcmngChng    0.164    0.029    5.712    0.000
##    .ProposeChange     0.849    0.100    8.463    0.000
##    .WrkUndrstndOth    0.346    0.046    7.506    0.000
##    .QuickAdapt        0.159    0.022    7.329    0.000
##    .EasilyChangCrs    0.224    0.028    7.953    0.000
##    .EasyToAdapt       0.349    0.046    7.593    0.000
##    .ShiftFocus        0.304    0.039    7.780    0.000
##    .EnjoyExperimnt    0.378    0.046    8.217    0.000
##    .BounceBack        0.373    0.045    8.285    0.000
##    .SeekColaboratn    0.440    0.057    7.744    0.000
##    .ReadlyProvdHlp    0.302    0.044    6.868    0.000
##    .CarOthrArsDcsn    0.234    0.031    7.554    0.000
##    .AcknwldgTEnsns    0.491    0.058    8.399    0.000
##    .SupportCollegs    0.173    0.024    7.081    0.000
##    .MakeAvailable     0.182    0.024    7.644    0.000
##    .DirectCourteos    0.272    0.033    8.360    0.000
##    .RespectSupport    0.281    0.035    8.063    0.000
##    .WorkInGroup       0.216    0.031    7.031    0.000
##    .HaveConf          0.746    0.094    7.934    0.000
##    .PeersToTrust      0.579    0.074    7.875    0.000
##    .PersonalIntrst    0.459    0.059    7.826    0.000
##    .StrngSclCnnctn    0.404    0.060    6.738    0.000
##    .PartOfTeam        0.250    0.044    5.731    0.000
##    .RegularBreaks     0.498    0.112    4.458    0.000
##    .BreakOverwhlmd    0.271    0.109    2.495    0.013
##    .TakeCarefMYslf    0.830    0.096    8.657    0.000
##    .DifferentOpnns    0.199    0.030    6.701    0.000
##    .ConsiderOpinns    0.253    0.039    6.496    0.000
##    .ChangeNatural     0.213    0.031    6.813    0.000
##     Agility           0.228    0.051    4.431    0.000
##     Resilience        0.194    0.037    5.278    0.000
##     Collaboration     0.270    0.068    3.980    0.000
##     CreatePosRel      0.247    0.044    5.549    0.000
##     SocialSupport     0.354    0.100    3.544    0.000
##     IndivRenewal      0.926    0.175    5.295    0.000
##     OpennessExp       0.156    0.038    4.111    0.000

SEM

The dependent variables are: RiskLosingJob, OutpeformPeers The independent variables:

  • OrgInformChange, Agility, Resilience,
  • Collaboration, CreatePosRel, SocialSupport, IndivRenewal
  • OpennessExp
  • Age, Education, OrgSize, EssencialService, WorkFromHome
dt<-data[complete.cases(data),]
Model<-paste0(
  paste0(
    sapply(c('Resilience','Collaboration','SocialSupport','OpennessExp'),function(x){
    paste0(x,"=~",paste0(vars[[x]],collapse = '+'))
  }),collapse='\n'
  ),'\n',
  paste0(
    covs,collapse='\n'
  )
)
modelSEM<-paste0(
'RiskLosingJob~OrgInformChange+Resilience+Collaboration+SocialSupport+OpennessExp+
         Age+EssencialService+WorkFromHome+OutpeformPeers
OrgInformChange~~Resilience+Collaboration+SocialSupport+OpennessExp+
          Age+Education+OrgSize+EssencialService
Age~~Education+EssencialService+Resilience+Collaboration+SocialSupport+OpennessExp
Education~~OrgSize+EssencialService+WorkFromHome+Resilience+Collaboration+SocialSupport+OpennessExp
OrgSize~~EssencialService+WorkFromHome+Resilience+Collaboration+SocialSupport+OpennessExp
EssencialService~~WorkFromHome+Resilience+Collaboration+SocialSupport+OpennessExp
WorkFromHome~~Resilience+Collaboration+SocialSupport+OpennessExp

OutpeformPeers~OrgInformChange+SocialSupport+OpennessExp+Education+OrgSize

', '\n',Model)

fit_SEM=sem(modelSEM,data=dt)
summary(fit_SEM,fit.meas=TRUE)
## lavaan 0.6-11 ended normally after 115 iterations
## 
##   Estimator                                         ML
##   Optimization method                           NLMINB
##   Number of model parameters                       102
##                                                       
##   Number of observations                           169
##                                                       
## Model Test User Model:
##                                                       
##   Test statistic                               277.873
##   Degrees of freedom                               249
##   P-value (Chi-square)                           0.101
## 
## Model Test Baseline Model:
## 
##   Test statistic                              1437.877
##   Degrees of freedom                               325
##   P-value                                        0.000
## 
## User Model versus Baseline Model:
## 
##   Comparative Fit Index (CFI)                    0.974
##   Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI)                       0.966
## 
## Loglikelihood and Information Criteria:
## 
##   Loglikelihood user model (H0)              -4714.857
##   Loglikelihood unrestricted model (H1)      -4575.921
##                                                       
##   Akaike (AIC)                                9633.715
##   Bayesian (BIC)                              9952.965
##   Sample-size adjusted Bayesian (BIC)         9630.003
## 
## Root Mean Square Error of Approximation:
## 
##   RMSEA                                          0.026
##   90 Percent confidence interval - lower         0.000
##   90 Percent confidence interval - upper         0.042
##   P-value RMSEA <= 0.05                          0.996
## 
## Standardized Root Mean Square Residual:
## 
##   SRMR                                           0.053
## 
## Parameter Estimates:
## 
##   Standard errors                             Standard
##   Information                                 Expected
##   Information saturated (h1) model          Structured
## 
## Latent Variables:
##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|)
##   Resilience =~                                       
##     QuickAdapt        1.000                           
##     EasilyChangCrs    0.991    0.119    8.327    0.000
##     EasyToAdapt       1.384    0.158    8.770    0.000
##     ShiftFocus        1.206    0.143    8.449    0.000
##     EnjoyExperimnt    1.082    0.147    7.352    0.000
##     BounceBack        1.050    0.144    7.283    0.000
##   Collaboration =~                                    
##     SeekColaboratn    1.000                           
##     ReadlyProvdHlp    1.013    0.147    6.884    0.000
##     CarOthrArsDcsn    0.750    0.116    6.443    0.000
##     AcknwldgTEnsns    0.722    0.141    5.111    0.000
##   SocialSupport =~                                    
##     HaveConf          1.000                           
##     PeersToTrust      0.902    0.116    7.795    0.000
##     PersonalIntrst    0.713    0.145    4.933    0.000
##     StrngSclCnnctn    0.984    0.168    5.841    0.000
##     PartOfTeam        1.052    0.169    6.227    0.000
##   OpennessExp =~                                      
##     DifferentOpnns    1.000                           
##     ConsiderOpinns    1.066    0.171    6.224    0.000
##     ChangeNatural     1.037    0.159    6.519    0.000
## 
## Regressions:
##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|)
##   RiskLosingJob ~                                     
##     OrgInformChang   -0.121    0.068   -1.795    0.073
##     Resilience        0.872    0.326    2.676    0.007
##     Collaboration    -0.743    0.352   -2.111    0.035
##     SocialSupport     0.540    0.233    2.320    0.020
##     OpennessExp      -0.570    0.347   -1.642    0.101
##     Age               0.096    0.083    1.155    0.248
##     EssencialServc    0.483    0.172    2.805    0.005
##     WorkFromHome      0.336    0.199    1.686    0.092
##     OutpeformPeers    0.437    0.061    7.192    0.000
##   OutpeformPeers ~                                    
##     OrgInformChang    0.096    0.085    1.128    0.259
##     SocialSupport     0.985    0.263    3.749    0.000
##     OpennessExp      -0.625    0.335   -1.866    0.062
##     Education         0.430    0.150    2.862    0.004
##     OrgSize           0.075    0.062    1.220    0.222
## 
## Covariances:
##                       Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|)
##   Resilience ~~                                          
##     OrgInformChang      -0.094    0.049   -1.934    0.053
##   Collaboration ~~                                       
##     OrgInformChang      -0.201    0.067   -3.015    0.003
##   SocialSupport ~~                                       
##     OrgInformChang      -0.200    0.073   -2.758    0.006
##   OpennessExp ~~                                         
##     OrgInformChang      -0.081    0.048   -1.672    0.094
##   OrgInformChange ~~                                     
##     Age                  0.100    0.096    1.050    0.294
##     Education            0.127    0.071    1.795    0.073
##     OrgSize             -0.309    0.166   -1.864    0.062
##     EssencialServc      -0.111    0.049   -2.279    0.023
##   Age ~~                                                 
##     Education            0.100    0.053    1.902    0.057
##     EssencialServc      -0.052    0.036   -1.472    0.141
##   Resilience ~~                                          
##     Age                  0.043    0.036    1.191    0.234
##   Collaboration ~~                                       
##     Age                 -0.010    0.047   -0.222    0.825
##   SocialSupport ~~                                       
##     Age                 -0.040    0.050   -0.807    0.420
##   OpennessExp ~~                                         
##     Age                  0.017    0.036    0.482    0.629
##   Education ~~                                           
##     OrgSize              0.216    0.094    2.285    0.022
##   EssencialService ~~                                    
##     Education           -0.061    0.027   -2.221    0.026
##   WorkFromHome ~~                                        
##     Education            0.042    0.023    1.857    0.063
##   Resilience ~~                                          
##     Education           -0.027    0.026   -1.005    0.315
##   Collaboration ~~                                       
##     Education           -0.080    0.036   -2.239    0.025
##   SocialSupport ~~                                       
##     Education           -0.055    0.037   -1.463    0.144
##   OpennessExp ~~                                         
##     Education            0.017    0.026    0.633    0.527
##   EssencialService ~~                                    
##     OrgSize              0.148    0.066    2.256    0.024
##   WorkFromHome ~~                                        
##     OrgSize              0.173    0.056    3.078    0.002
##   Resilience ~~                                          
##     OrgSize             -0.007    0.063   -0.113    0.910
##   Collaboration ~~                                       
##     OrgSize             -0.120    0.083   -1.441    0.150
##   SocialSupport ~~                                       
##     OrgSize             -0.017    0.088   -0.199    0.843
##   OpennessExp ~~                                         
##     OrgSize              0.039    0.063    0.611    0.541
##   EssencialService ~~                                    
##     WorkFromHome        -0.034    0.016   -2.174    0.030
##   Resilience ~~                                          
##     EssencialServc      -0.035    0.019   -1.870    0.061
##   Collaboration ~~                                       
##     EssencialServc      -0.016    0.024   -0.655    0.513
##   SocialSupport ~~                                       
##     EssencialServc       0.012    0.025    0.483    0.629
##   OpennessExp ~~                                         
##     EssencialServc      -0.036    0.019   -1.914    0.056
##   Resilience ~~                                          
##     WorkFromHome        -0.007    0.015   -0.471    0.638
##   Collaboration ~~                                       
##     WorkFromHome        -0.020    0.020   -0.999    0.318
##   SocialSupport ~~                                       
##     WorkFromHome        -0.013    0.021   -0.637    0.524
##   OpennessExp ~~                                         
##     WorkFromHome         0.017    0.015    1.079    0.281
##  .HaveConf ~~                                            
##    .PeersToTrust         0.342    0.069    4.981    0.000
##  .PersonalInterest ~~                                    
##    .StrngSclCnnctn       0.214    0.049    4.351    0.000
##   Resilience ~~                                          
##     Collaboration        0.154    0.032    4.860    0.000
##     SocialSupport        0.096    0.029    3.297    0.001
##     OpennessExp          0.096    0.022    4.361    0.000
##   Collaboration ~~                                       
##     SocialSupport        0.167    0.044    3.823    0.000
##     OpennessExp          0.126    0.030    4.203    0.000
##   SocialSupport ~~                                       
##     OpennessExp          0.079    0.028    2.793    0.005
## 
## Variances:
##                    Estimate  Std.Err  z-value  P(>|z|)
##    .QuickAdapt        0.158    0.022    7.296    0.000
##    .EasilyChangCrs    0.215    0.027    7.826    0.000
##    .EasyToAdapt       0.341    0.045    7.503    0.000
##    .ShiftFocus        0.301    0.039    7.746    0.000
##    .EnjoyExperimnt    0.393    0.047    8.305    0.000
##    .BounceBack        0.382    0.046    8.331    0.000
##    .SeekColaboratn    0.424    0.056    7.599    0.000
##    .ReadlyProvdHlp    0.301    0.044    6.851    0.000
##    .CarOthrArsDcsn    0.236    0.031    7.581    0.000
##    .AcknwldgTEnsns    0.510    0.060    8.515    0.000
##    .HaveConf          0.759    0.095    8.003    0.000
##    .PeersToTrust      0.591    0.074    7.952    0.000
##    .PersonalIntrst    0.495    0.060    8.188    0.000
##    .StrngSclCnnctn    0.445    0.062    7.212    0.000
##    .PartOfTeam        0.205    0.045    4.552    0.000
##    .DifferentOpnns    0.191    0.029    6.533    0.000
##    .ConsiderOpinns    0.282    0.039    7.158    0.000
##    .ChangeNatural     0.198    0.031    6.424    0.000
##    .RiskLosingJob     0.918    0.115    7.973    0.000
##    .OutpeformPeers    1.645    0.193    8.521    0.000
##     OrgInformChang    1.660    0.181    9.194    0.000
##     Age               0.945    0.103    9.192    0.000
##     EssencialServc    0.243    0.026    9.208    0.000
##     WorkFromHome      0.174    0.019    9.192    0.000
##     Education         0.508    0.055    9.203    0.000
##     OrgSize           2.938    0.319    9.203    0.000
##     Resilience        0.194    0.037    5.285    0.000
##     Collaboration     0.285    0.069    4.111    0.000
##     SocialSupport     0.341    0.098    3.469    0.001
##     OpennessExp       0.164    0.039    4.251    0.000
pl<-lavaanPlot::lavaanPlot(model=fit_SEM, node_options = list(shape = "box", fontname = "Helvetica"), 
           edge_options = list(color = "DarkSlateGray"), 
           coefs = TRUE, sig = 0.05, 
           stars = c("regress"),
           stand=TRUE,
           graph_options=list(rankdir = 'LR',fontsize='18',nodesep = 0.01, ranksep = 0.01, width=5)
           )
lavaanPlot::save_png(pl, './Leask2021b.png')
pl
<div id="htmlwidget-5f55ab532b4b4b15a214" style="width:672px;height:480px;" class="grViz html-widget"></div>
<script type="application/json" data-for="htmlwidget-5f55ab532b4b4b15a214">{"x":{"diagram":" digraph plot { \n graph [ rankdir = LR, fontsize = 18, nodesep = 0.01, ranksep = 0.01, width = 5 ] \n node [ shape = box, fontname = Helvetica ] \n node [shape = box] \n OrgInformChange; Age; EssencialService; WorkFromHome; OutpeformPeers; Education; OrgSize; RiskLosingJob; QuickAdapt; EasilyChangeCourse; EasyToAdapt; ShiftFocus; EnjoyExperiment; BounceBack; SeekColaboration; ReadlyProvideHelp; CareOtherAreasDecision; AcknowledgeTEnsions; HaveConf; PeersToTrust; PersonalInterest; StrongSocialConnection; PartOfTeam; DifferentOpinions; ConsiderOpinions; ChangeNatural \n node [shape = oval] \n Resilience; Collaboration; SocialSupport; OpennessExp \n \n edge [ color = DarkSlateGray ] \n OrgInformChange->RiskLosingJob [label = \"\"] Resilience->RiskLosingJob [label = \"0.29**\"] Collaboration->RiskLosingJob [label = \"-0.3*\"] SocialSupport->RiskLosingJob [label = \"0.24*\"] OpennessExp->RiskLosingJob [label = \"\"] Age->RiskLosingJob [label = \"\"] EssencialService->RiskLosingJob [label = \"0.18**\"] WorkFromHome->RiskLosingJob [label = \"\"] OutpeformPeers->RiskLosingJob [label = \"0.47***\"] OrgInformChange->OutpeformPeers [label = \"\"] SocialSupport->OutpeformPeers [label = \"0.41***\"] OpennessExp->OutpeformPeers [label = \"\"] Education->OutpeformPeers [label = \"0.22**\"] OrgSize->OutpeformPeers [label = \"\"] Resilience->QuickAdapt [label = \"0.74\"] Resilience->EasilyChangeCourse [label = \"0.69\"] Resilience->EasyToAdapt [label = \"0.72\"] Resilience->ShiftFocus [label = \"0.7\"] Resilience->EnjoyExperiment [label = \"0.61\"] Resilience->BounceBack [label = \"0.6\"] Collaboration->SeekColaboration [label = \"0.63\"] Collaboration->ReadlyProvideHelp [label = \"0.7\"] Collaboration->CareOtherAreasDecision [label = \"0.64\"] Collaboration->AcknowledgeTEnsions [label = \"0.48\"] SocialSupport->HaveConf [label = \"0.56\"] SocialSupport->PeersToTrust [label = \"0.57\"] SocialSupport->PersonalInterest [label = \"0.51\"] SocialSupport->StrongSocialConnection [label = \"0.65\"] SocialSupport->PartOfTeam [label = \"0.81\"] OpennessExp->DifferentOpinions [label = \"0.68\"] OpennessExp->ConsiderOpinions [label = \"0.63\"] OpennessExp->ChangeNatural [label = \"0.69\"] \n}","config":{"engine":"dot","options":null}},"evals":[],"jsHooks":[]}</script>

plot